Edexcel Mock Biology - 2329 Words

Write your name here Surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number Edexcel GCE Biology Advanced Subsidiary Unit 4: The Natural Environment and Species Survival Wednesday 16 June 2010 – Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes You do not need any other materials. Paper Reference 6BI04/01 Total Marks Instructions black ink or †¢ Usein the boxesball-point pen. page with your name, at the top of this †¢ Fill number and candidate number. centre †¢ Answer all questions. in the spaces provided the questions †¢ Answermay be more space than you need. – there Information total for †¢ The marksmarkeachthis paper is 90.shown in brackets question are †¢ The this asforguide as to how much time to spend on each question. – use a an †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c) Suggest three factors that could influence the rate at which a body cools after death. (3) 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Story of Stuff Free Essays

The Story of Stuff is a fun, clear, lively, and timely treatment of the materials economy that shows how the real industrial economy intersects with sustainability. Although the economy appears to undermine sustainability, it works for the burgeoning global middle classes, for now, as the middle class increases consumption, the demand that elicits production. This theme is central. We will write a custom essay sample on Story of Stuff or any similar topic only for you Order Now I test marketed the book and others among students in various settings, discovering that students preferred The Story of Stuff and learned from studying the book. The core concept, the materials economy, is not a formal term derived from economic theory. The materials cycle comes close to the concept of supply chains, however. Annie may have invented the term to suit her purpose here: more trees and less stuff (read, waste). I have used the cycle process model effectively in my public policy course. View the logo and click on the ovals to see this process framework in action. The material cycle model is a comprehensible, dynamic, and flexible container. The book treats the economy as a grounded and concrete phenomenon rather than an abstract and detached set of theories. The actual economy provides the substance of ENST305, not the abstracted theories such as neoclassical economics, which will be treated immediately after The Story of Stuff, as displayed in the schedule. The strategic move, from Karl Polanyi: examine the substantive economy, not formal economic theory per se. See my overview of Karl Polanyi as social ecology. The critique of ecological economics at the macro-level, or big picture level, is squarely upon the growth in physical scale of the economy. Note that growth is distinct from development, an improvement in quality or the actualization of potential. But expansion and intrusion is what stuff is all about: stuff is tangible and physical. Note that the book does not really treat the service economy, but focuses on the world of commodities that are products (goods), not services per se. The notion of externalities, the micro-level critique of ecological economics, is central to the The Story of Stuff. See page XX. View a video that explains how even this page, located in the cloud, contributes to climate change/. Fairness is central to the book. World Sustainability, after all, must be fair. See the article recommended by Joaquin Maravillas about Ugandans being pushed off their land for the sake of environmental services. This may help in dealing with climate change but is unacceptable. This shows how commodification, even of environmental services, can lead to what David Harvey terms dispossession. I have discovered that The Story of Stuff works for students who have not yet studied economics or feel put off by economics. The book makes economics accessible but does so in the context of sustainability. Students report that they learn from the book and find the book accessible to them. This matters, a lot. Notice the chapter titles. We will discuss and contrast with the paradigm of orthodox economic theory (neoclassical economics) and also ecological economics. This gets us into the materials economy from an industrial ecology perspective. How to cite Story of Stuff, Essay examples Story of Stuff Free Essays The Story of Stuff is a fun, clear, lively, and timely treatment of the materials economy that shows how the real industrial economy intersects with sustainability. Although the economy appears to undermine sustainability, it works for the burgeoning global middle classes, for now, as the middle class increases consumption, the demand that elicits production. This theme is central. We will write a custom essay sample on Story of Stuff or any similar topic only for you Order Now I test marketed the book and others among students in various settings, discovering that students preferred The Story of Stuff and learned from studying the book. The core concept, the materials economy, is not a formal term derived from economic theory. The materials cycle comes close to the concept of supply chains, however. Annie may have invented the term to suit her purpose here: more trees and less stuff (read, waste). I have used the cycle process model effectively in my public policy course. View the logo and click on the ovals to see this process framework in action. The material cycle model is a comprehensible, dynamic, and flexible container. The book treats the economy as a grounded and concrete phenomenon rather than an abstract and detached set of theories. The actual economy provides the substance of ENST305, not the abstracted theories such as neoclassical economics, which will be treated immediately after The Story of Stuff, as displayed in the schedule. The strategic move, from Karl Polanyi: examine the substantive economy, not formal economic theory per se. See my overview of Karl Polanyi as social ecology. The critique of ecological economics at the macro-level, or big picture level, is squarely upon the growth in physical scale of the economy. Note that growth is distinct from development, an improvement in quality or the actualization of potential. But expansion and intrusion is what stuff is all about: stuff is tangible and physical. Note that the book does not really treat the service economy, but focuses on the world of commodities that are products (goods), not services per se. The notion of externalities, the micro-level critique of ecological economics, is central to the The Story of Stuff. See page XX. View a video that explains how even this page, located in the cloud, contributes to climate change/. Fairness is central to the book. World Sustainability, after all, must be fair. See the article recommended by Joaquin Maravillas about Ugandans being pushed off their land for the sake of environmental services. This may help in dealing with climate change but is unacceptable. This shows how commodification, even of environmental services, can lead to what David Harvey terms dispossession. I have discovered that The Story of Stuff works for students who have not yet studied economics or feel put off by economics. The book makes economics accessible but does so in the context of sustainability. Students report that they learn from the book and find the book accessible to them. This matters, a lot. Notice the chapter titles. We will discuss and contrast with the paradigm of orthodox economic theory (neoclassical economics) and also ecological economics. This gets us into the materials economy from an industrial ecology perspective. How to cite Story of Stuff, Papers

American industrial revolution Essay Example For Students

American industrial revolution Essay The growth in large-scale industry and labor unions in the second half of the nineteenth century can be explained in many ways. Unlike earlier in the century, now there were broad markets, fast expansion in good economic times, thus causing a rise in demand for more goods. Additionally, new inventions with development in big business caused large scale industrialization to become possible. Lastly, companies ability to employ mass numbers of people to work in their factories for cheap further encouraged industries growth. With companies hiring people to do hard work for cheap, labor unions form. Generally, as industries grew and grew the working conditions for the workers got worse and worse, encouraging an increase and growth of labor unions. America was a growing country. The expansion west needed industrial recourses. The railroad itself encouraged the industries of steel, coal, wood, glass and rubber. The expansion west was not the only thing that encouraged the growth of industry, good economic times and a rise in population fueled the growth of industry. People would want more stuff and houses would need to be built as well as highrise buildings in urban centers to accommodate the density of people in the cities. All these factors caused a rise in demand for industrial goods in a large market. There is more reason, though, that large-scale industries were growing. New inventions helped a great deal in making the large-scale manufacturing of industrial goods possible. The Bessemer process, for example, helped the manufacturing of steel in the steel industry, made it possible to produce large quantities of steel in a relatively short period of time. The invention of electric power by Thomas Edison allowed factory machinery to be run by electricity, cutting the cost of employing people to run the machinery while increasing the productivity of the machines. Always increasing productivity, these inventions and others like it were essential to progression of big industry. these were harnessed and effectively put into use by big businesses. Big businesses were the economic powers behind the growth of their industries. With corporations, unlike earlier, businesses could outlive their founders so that they could be allowed to thrive without having to worry and the death of the founder because with shares in the stock market, people could own parts of t he company, there was never one person who was the sole owner. Additionally, in the late nineteenth century, there werent regulations which allowed the businesses to grow in ways which it wouldnt be allowed to grow today. Often times, vertical integration allowed several types of industries to be grouped under one big company thus securing their operation.All these things helped the businesses prosper. Since the big businesses were behind the large-scale industries, the industries prospered too. Essential to the growth of large scale industry are the workers. Between 1870 and 1890, 8 million immigrants came to America for a better life, they ended up working in factories. Unlike the native workers, the immigrants were willing to work for cheap. This let the industry cut the cost of employing workers, in fact, many industries went to European sources to find workers for more cheap labor. The native Americans who, generally, were driven from the countryside got the higher paying supervisory jobs in the industries. So this pool of labor further allowed the large scale industries to grow more. The working conditions in these industries were horrible. Cutting costs in an industry was a big deal. Unfortunately, most of the time, cutting costs meant long hours for the workers, lower wages and requirements on the amount of work you do in a day which was usually too much. Because of these bad conditions labor unions were formed to protest against them, but mostly to force the companies to higher wages, lower hours or better working conditions. Since workers were essential to the operation of the industries, the labor unions often organized strikes to demand change in wage, hours etc In 1877 when wages for the workers in the Baltimore and Ohio railroad were cut by 20% there was the first nationwide strike that set the path for an era of confrontation between labor unions and management. Often, federal troops and state militia intervened because the strikes got violent and the movement collapsed but sometimes strikes were successful. .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 , .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .postImageUrl , .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 , .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:hover , .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:visited , .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:active { border:0!important; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:active , .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717 .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9fd10b445d9a8bb6b83d8682a073a717:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: New Deal Essay PaperThe industrial revolution between 1865 and 1900 set a period of economic growth. The success of this industrial growth was due to a combination of contributing factors. A rise in demand for industrial goods along with growth in big business were the essential things in causing the growth of large-scale industry. Additionally new inventions that helped the manufacturing of these goods and cheap labor encouraged further this growth. In the big picture, this industrialization of the country fueled the growth of it in area, in population and finally, in economy. Bibliography:

The Swedish Pronoun free essay sample

Gender roles and stereotypes are obviously a part of today’s society, all around the world. However, some appreciate them more than others, and how these facts will develop in the future is something only time can tell. In Sweden, the debate of equal rights between sexes is a part of the political agenda and the politics of equality was provided with 1. 5 billion Swedish kronor between the years of 2007 and 2010. Nevertheless, voices have been raised for the cause of accusing the government for not doing enough. [2] During the spring of 2012, a vivid debate took place in the Swedish media regarding the gender-neutral pronoun â€Å"hen† (which is structured as a combination between the Swedish words for she and he). The pronoun has been used for decades within Swedish feministic networks. For this reason, it is interesting examining why hen is as provoking as it seems to be and how it is illuminating the fact and question about mankind: are there humans or sexes? Background According to Goteborgs-Posten, the second largest daily newspaper in Sweden, the debate regarding â€Å"hen† snowballed when the children’s book Kivi and Monsterhund (Kivi and Monsterdog) was published in January 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on The Swedish Pronoun or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [3] The genders of the characters in the book were intentionally chosen not being displayed and the author Jesper Lundquist has commented on the making of the book as both creative and enjoyable because of the decision to exclude stereotypes. Due to, the criticism and the discontent conveyed about hen, have numerous times referred to the improperness of the children’s book mentioned above. For one thing, many critics are afraid the children can be confused by the message being sent. However, the pronoun was included in the online version of the Swedish National Encyclopedia in 2009 and was introduced by Swedish linguists during the 1960’s. The linguist Hans Karlgren reintroduced it in 1994. [4] The meaning of hen is described as a suggested gender-neutral personal pronoun, used instead of he or she in the National Encyclopedia. Furthermore, androgynous alternatives for third-person pronouns exist all over the world; Chinese, Armenian, Finnish and Persian are examples of languages, which contain gender-neutral pronouns. Several pronouns have been introduced to the English language during the last decade. Among them are: thon, ip, sim, e, ey, eir, em and se (all created by Americans). [5] Also, there is one presented by Joel Weiss from Illinois, who combined the words he, she and it and the word horshit was introduced. In spite of these examples, the English language has hardly something corresponding to hen. Thesis statement †¢ Why is there a need for the Swedish gender-neutral pronoun â€Å"hen†? Method Because of the fact that the debate, which the thesis statement is about, has primarily occurred in the media my main choice of sources are old articles. To find the widest spectra of ideas and opinions possible, the collection of sources was found on blogs and in media with a wide political diversity. Regarding texts in English, the varieties of political positions were difficult finding. Mainly, the texts were politically far right and published on, consistent with me personally, strongly conservative webpages. At the same time, the articles and entries were in general without any constructive criticism. Instead, the texts were explaining facts in a condemnatory tone with a predefined idea of Socialism and Sweden. By analysing and comparing several different texts, the facts and ideas were able to complement each other very well in the result. Obviously, the most important facts to be presented are those which, can answer the thesis statement. For this reason, it was prioritized to find several kinds of needs for the pronoun. Additionally, an episode of the television show Debatt, a Swedish debate program, was used as source material. Naturally, it contained a short debate about both the children’s book written by Jesper Lundquist and the usage of hen. This was indeed an important source because several kinds of opinions were displayed and together they created a dynamic and constructive discussion. Results During a discussion in the Swedish television program Debatt (Debate) about hen and the book Kivi och Monsterhund, a transsexual person described her view on genders by saying â€Å"There are not enough genders. Instead, there are two islands, one called women and one called men but we are many who are swimming in the ocean between. In addition, Dominika Peczynski, who is critical to the gender-neutral pronoun, is then responding with a rhetorical question: â€Å"But then, could it not be sufficient if only ‘the people swimming in the middle of it all’ would be called hen? † The Social Democrat Ylva Johansson is the spokesperson for gender equality questions. [7] Johansson has commented on the debate about hen by criticising the views of the minister of equality questions, Nyamko Sabuni. Sabuni has stated her hopes about hen being â€Å"a new fresh concept to accomplish equality†. In contrast, Ylva Johansson emphasises the importance of political initiatives and legislation. Furthermore, Johansson clarifies that she does not object to the pronoun itself but she would be cautious against putting a too great value in a word. â€Å"It is worrying if we have a minister who believes that only a word can change womens wages, employment conditions, / /and the withdrawal of the parental insurance†. Besides reviews in the newspapers, interviews have been published, including parents who have decided not to reveal the sex of their baby, connected to the pronoun debate. To sum up the most discussed one, published by Dagens Nyheter, the parents are explaining how they are raising their children gender-neutrally to avoid the restrainments that the children otherwise jeopardise to be faced with in the society, based on their gender. Regarding the foreign media interest, there is mostly sharp criticism directed to â€Å"this far-left attempt to reduce gender†. [9] For example, an article written by the journalist Nathalie Rotschild firstly criticises the Swedish idea of the society and government are tolerating the fact that there are no social differences between men and women. Owing to this idea, the writer both concludes and criticises it, by explaining how radical it is for a society to accept people who do not identify themselves as a certain gender and to allow them to marry each other. Consequently, Rothschild writes: â€Å"But that’s the least radical part of the project. What many gender-neutral activists are after is a society that entirely erases traditional gender roles and stereotypes at even the most mundane levels. † Concerning hen, the journalist mentions Hans Karlgrens idea of the pronoun being appropriate for practical reasons. Overall, a word that according to Karlgren enables dialogues to proceed without the need to specify genders of the people concerned. Consequently, Rothschild contrasts this fact with the impression of the proponents of hen having a â€Å"typical political agenda†. The author of the blog Forskarfeministen (The Scientistfeminist) has written an entry in which gender-neutral language was discussed and a statement of hers or his was explained. In order to avoid the risk of moving focus from the actual message, to the stylistics, the writer of the blog do not use hen, among other examples. 10] In an article published in Dagens Nyheter, Kia, a transgender person, is being interviewed. Kia neither wants to be he or she, â€Å"hen wants to be hen†. Furthermore, Kia explains about the difficulties being â€Å"a hen† and how there everyday is a battle for the right to exist. â€Å"I have always told people at my workplaces about myself. I say that ‘if you like me and want to respect me then call me hen’. It feels extremely strenuous when people more or less unconsciously chooses not to use the word. It sends out a sort of signals that what I am feelin, the way I am dentifying myself is not valid. It is a way of rejecting my existence. † The publication of the children’s book Kivi och Monsterhund was commented on by the publisher Olikas: â€Å"We consider hen as a complement to he or she, and as a another possibility to allow us being individuals, rather than gender. Analysis Firstly, it is interesting analysing the function of hen according to different view. Judging by the comments made by people whom themselves are consideri ng hen suitable for their own identity; the establishment of hen is necessary. It is enough if a few people are feeling the need of a third personal pronoun, which they can identify with, to implement it in the language. Clearly, there is a linguistic need for expressing a human being without mentioning its gender. Not only for transsexuals, intersexuals and intergender as Kia finds herself being, but also for people who feel more comfortable being appreciated for their personality rather than their gender. However, for the sake of gender equality in the society, language and expressions do not solve the challenges regarding that development, as was mentioned by Ylva Johansson. Instead, maybe the attention that the practise of hen was given this spring can enlighten citizens of Sweden about the influence of gender in the society. Consequently, understand how the identity of other people is getting affected by the, partly, unconscious collective intolerance of sexual deviations. Introducing a word with the intention of removing focus from the word it is replacing is a long-term project. The stylistic purpose can easily be lost when conveying a story for a person who is not familiar with the alternative pronoun. In order to persuade a person to disregard sex and gender, the interest itself has to be eliminated. Offering a linguistic alternative could perhaps enable a less stereotypical conception, at least in the public space. It is simply not the case that hen is a pronoun which will erase or compete with the already established personal pronouns she and he. On the contrary, hen could improve the conception of sexual identity as well as gender stereotypes by giving the speaker or writer that option. In the reality, women and men are naturally more than their physical appearance and the generalistic social norms often casted in. Personally, â€Å"swimmers in between the two islands of gender† are regarded as the norm since being a gender, strangely enough, is involuntary. Thus, the gender of someone is socially forced upon and difficult questioning. Conclusion The Swedish gender neutral pronoun hen was discussed in the Swedish media during the spring of 2012. Mainly, a children’s book named â€Å"Kivi and Monsterdog† figurated as the most important factor for the start of the debate. For example, hen is a linguistic alternative linguistic alernative to illustrate a person without mentioning her or his gender. Additonally, there are people who do not identify with either men or women and are prefering to be called hen. Hence, the debate about hen is a question about their right to identify, not to intrude on someone elses integrity. The debate would be futile if the spectra of topics within the subject was not embraced, such as the tolerance for the transgender identity for instance.

Dissolving Rate of Different Aspirin Tablets in Water Essays

Dissolving Rate of Different Aspirin Tablets in Water Essays Dissolving Rate of Different Aspirin Tablets in Water Paper Dissolving Rate of Different Aspirin Tablets in Water Paper Practical Experiment Report 11-11-2013 Introduction This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the rates at which different aspirin tablets dissolve in both Water (H20 [representing saliva]) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCI [representing the stomachs acid]). The amount of Water and Hydrochloric Acid will be kept constant between tablets, and tests. Aim To investigate and compare the rates at which different Aspirin Tablets dissolve. The different kinds of Aspirin tablets are: Enteric Coated Tablets Capsules Regular Tablets Dissolving Tablets. Each tablet will be dissolves in both Water and Hydrochloric Acid (representing saliva and stomach acid respectively). Hypothesis The Enteric Coated tablet will remain undissolved in both water and Hydrochloric Acid as the coating is designed to remain undissolved until reaching the small intestine. The dissolving tablet will dissolve the fastest in both water and Hydrochloric Acid as this tablet is designed to quickly dissolve in liquid. The capsule will soften but not completely dissolve in the water, however will dissolve in the Hydrochloric Acid. The Tablet will slowly dissolve in water, however more rapidly in Hydrochloric Acid however loosely comparable to the dissolving tablet. Equipment Water 2M Hydrochloric Acid Test Tubes or Beakers Stopwatch 2 x Aspirin Enteric Coated Tablets 2 x Aspirin Capsule 2 x Regular Aspirin Tablets 2 x Dissolving Aspirin Tablets Safety Glasse (Recommended) Gloves for handling Hydrochloric Acid Safety Precautions 2M Hydrochloric Acid will burn both skin and clothing Always wear eye protection while handling Hydrochloric Acid Avoid contact with Hydrochloric Acid. If in contact with skin, rinse off with copious amounts water (Recommended) Wear Gloves while handling Hydrochloric Acid 1. Collect equipment mL of Water and Hydrochloric Acid into separate beakers or test tubes 3. 2. pour Add a single type of tablet to each beaker or test tube and start stopwatch 4. Record changes in liquid throughout the dissolving process (opacity, colour, bubbles or fizzing) and record total time taken to dissolve tablet 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each kind of tablet. Results Tablet Changes Observed Time Taken to Dissolve (seconds) Hydrochloric Acid Enteric Coated Tablet Regular Tablet Dissolving Tablet Capsule Discussion Discussion of the results How this experiment could be made to relate more to the human body

Story vs. Plot Definitive Differences Between Them - Freewrite Store

Story vs. Plot Definitive Differences Between Them - Freewrite Store Today’s guest post is by Jackie Dever, associate editor at  Aionios Books, a small traditional-model publisher based in Southern California.    One afternoon a few years back, as I was rowing merrily down my stream of consciousness, a big ol’ rock appeared through the mist, rearing up so fast there wasn’t time to navigate around. My paper boat crashed and crumpled, leaving the SS Plotin a disintegrating, broken mess on the Great Story River. In this personal test of story vs plot, the latter came out a wreck. Even as the events leading to the story’s conclusion continued to flow past that damned rock, my unstable craft just couldn’t get around the monolith. Reckoning with the nature of imagination can be intimidating. But half the battle is understanding the elements. Aren’t story and plot synonymous, though? Can’t we count on those items for automatic symbiosis, happily married in a thrilling rush of prose? Well†¦nope. What’s the Difference Between Story and Plot? A story is the requisite timeline of events present in any narrative. No story? No novel. Because any novel, however abstract must report events of some kind. A plot expresses rationale and informs the reader why a specific list of events belongs together, what the timeline is ultimately meant to communicate. The classic example by E. M. Forster in his collected lectures, Aspects of the Novel, still says it best: â€Å"‘The king died and then the queen died’ is a story. ‘The king died, and then the queen died of grief’ is a plot.† When reading a story, Forster explains, we wonder â€Å"and then?† When evaluating a plot, we ask â€Å"why?† (PaweÅ‚ Furman) These questions sometimes fire up in the same breath, so understanding their separate sources is tricky. But as naturally as the components may appear to support each other, it’s really an author’s skill that makes them seem that way. Which means that whenever I or you or Stephen King sit down to write, we’ve got to manage both. We’ve got to keep readers engrossed in a pattern of wonderful wondering about what next? and why? for as long as we want their attention. How Plot Supports Story Nobody wants to keep asking infinitely â€Å"and then? And then? Annnnd thennn?† We’re nosy creatures; we need to know why. Unfortunately, when plot is missing from or accidentally discordant to story, the real question on a reader’s mind is â€Å"huh?† Plot delivers the nifty tricks that reassure us there’s a point to storytelling. Plot sets up the cause and effect that gives readers a sense of rightness in the story’s conclusion. The same story can be plotted in multiple ways: The king died, and then the queen died avenging him in battle. The king died, and then the queen died from the communicable disease he had spread to her when he spoke his final words close to her face. The king died, and then the queen, eager to free the lover whom the king had jealously locked in the dungeon, slipped on an icy cobblestone and died.    How Where You Begin Helps Determine Where You’ll End Up On each new fiction project, I draw broad inspiration from either a story-focused or a plot-focused angle. Both starting points have their benefits and their challenges. Starting with Story When a story inspires me, I formulate a series of events that leads to a fixed conclusion. I may not know precisely my characters’ motivations or the logic in their decisions, but I can envision the stops they’ll make along their trip. In other words, I’ll know that the queen’s death follows the king’s. The relationship between the events? To be determined. It can be a big relief to sort story out first. When I have the comfort of parameters, I can train myself to a tangible goal. And I enjoy the intellectual exercise of connecting events in a believable sequence. Still, there’s always a catch.   Even with an endpoint clear to me, I need strong supporting evidence (i.e., an effective plot) to justify my events. A few years ago, I decided to write a story about a man who sells a cottage on the beach for the sum of one penny. I savored each of the scenes I created, but in the end, I had only a weakly conceived fairy tale. The imaginative verve delighted me, but no matter how I maneuvered, I was unable to match the plot to the currents of the story. Wipeout. Starting with Plot When a plot stirs my creative juices, I know characters’ feelings and intentions. I take on my writing like a righteous but undirected college kid- searching, motivated, assured of core values and reasons, but clueless as to where the hell I’m going to end up. I’m less concerned, in fact, with where I end up than with why I end up there, so the itinerary is subject to change. Not all who wander are lost. I enjoy making narrative progress along such an organic route. Plotting my way into a story lets me be guided by emotional responses, not by a sightseer’s list of stops. I careen over waterfalls on the strength of my anger, hilarity, or wild joy. And when that passionate feeling is synchronized with the story, I praise my muses and trust the currents. But when I let emotional connections alone be my guide, I begin to wish I’d made some reservations or at least studied the map before heading out. It always sounds noble to speed off for adventure, rely on instincts to take me where I need to be. The reality hits only once I’m shivering in the rain and have no idea where I can pull ashore for the evening. Although too much predictability is stifling, it’s frustrating to lose my mental compass entirely. There’s No Wrong Way to Start It’s hard to classify any real-life creative burst quite as strictly as I’ve done above. Flashes of  both elements are usually blended in that aha! moment. But understanding the elements of each- and how they affect the writing process- is always what prepares me for the excursion ahead. Will I need to focus extensively on my characters’ whys and wherefores to guide my plot? Or will I do better to ensure that their motivations can be satisfied by the events I allow them to experience? We all write differently. As we commit to our writing practice, patterns emerge in our process and style. I happen to be a story-focused writer. Moving the plot from one moment to the next, validating my story with a logical core, is my primary struggle. (Toa Heftiba) Whatever our personal tendencies, though, recognizing  the connected-yet-distinctive elements reminds us all that we can, if necessary, experiment. You may attempt to match several stories with an intriguing plot before everything falls in place. Or you may decide to remain patient with a great story whose plot lacks the sturdiness to carry you through, search the banks of the river for a new entry point, a more fitting course. It’s okay to take apart and rearrange, to radically transplant ideas. That constant reconfiguration is the source of diverse and sparkling literature, even as the same themes repeat themselves through the ages. The love and the death, the surprise, the resignation, the magic. None of these will ever grow trite when there’s such a big world to experience and so many ways to communicate the timeless ideas. I’ll approach the many crisscrossed rivers of my fiction from a thousand angles, strapping on mechanical wings for an aerial perspective or poking down a parallel back road in a coughing Model T. Wherever (and however) we roam, may we all learn to appreciate the view.    We'd love to hear your  thoughts of the differences in the comments!      Jackie Dever is an editor and writer in Southern California. She has edited blogs, corporate materials, academic texts, novels, and biographies. She is an associate editor at  Aionios Books, a small traditional-model publisher based in Southern California. She recently finished proofreading the 2017 San Diego Book Award–winning memoir  A Few Minor Adjustments  (September 2017) by Cherie Kephart. She blogs about writing and publishing, millennial lifestyle trends, and outdoor sports.

BUSN300 Unit 5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSN300 Unit 5 IP - Research Paper Example It has factories that spread over six continents  dealing  with the production of automobiles Toyota Business Environment Every organization, regardless of the business they are doing, is exposed to a lot of factors that has an effect on the performance of a company and also the strategies and decision making of an organization. It is therefore important for companies to be informed about these factors since they can have an influence on the plans and strategies of a company Challenges faced by Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation being an international company faces a lot of legal and business challenges that have affected the strategies, plans and decisions of the organization and also the entire automobile industry. Some of the challenges include: The products of Toyota company are found everywhere in the world and the company supplies its automobiles to various countries globally. Competition is none of the greatest challenge the company has to deal with since th e company is operating in a competitive environment. Factors like the features and quality of the product, research and development time, safety, reliability, pricing, customer service, pricing terms and fuel economy. The company has been offering world class products which have made it to be a leader in the market and its products are facing steep competition. Nevertheless, the company has been leading on the market which led to the company being awarded as the number one company in sales of automobiles. The company was affected by the economic crisis that was experienced in 2008 in the US. Since the company is the leading manufacturer of the automobile, its turnover of over $17 billion was shaken due to this economic downturn. This was attributed to the fall of consumer spending that affected many households. The company was able to survive the economic turmoil since it had other services like biotechnology and other financial services. Furthermore, the company had to let off some temporary workers and also had to reduce car production of automobiles Toyota Company had to recall over 14 million Lexus and CamrySolara models of vehicles which had an acceleration problem. This problem was traced to the vehicle accelerating itself while driving at a low speed. This has increased the number of accidents that have been experienced all over the world. The company was forced to respond to questions that were asked by the customers about the quality of the products. Despite the challenges faced by the company, the management of the company has focused their attention on solving problems and service delivery to the customers. The company had to use the SWOT analysis so as to understand the business Strengths The company has a global production plant in six continents. The company has the capacity to produce the best services as compared to other competitors. The greatest strength of the company is the manufacturing of quality products to the customers. Though some peo ple  are  not be in a position to buy the automobiles of the company, the company still has a growth in its sale due to the production of quality and reliable products. This allows the company to serve both private and commercial organizations therefore dominating in all sectors f the market Weaknesses The company is only focusing on big economies and forgets emerging economies. Opportunities Presence of new technology has facilitated the company in producing Eco-friendly automobiles. The